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【青華海生物多樣性之美】赤麻鴨：“凍”真格了，幸好我的黃色羽絨服防水又保暖
保山青華海國家濕地公園管理中心
保山市科學(xué)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)
聯(lián)合推出
第9期
The 9th Phase
脊椎動(dòng)物.赤麻鴨Tadorna ferruginea
脊椎動(dòng)物，鳥綱，雁形目，鴨科。被列入“三有”名錄，同時(shí)受到中國和日本政府保護(hù)候鳥及棲息環(huán)境協(xié)定的保護(hù)。赤麻鴨分布于歐亞大陸及非洲北部，全球數(shù)量約17-22萬只。在我國廣泛繁殖于東北、西北及至青藏高原海拔4600處，在華北及其以南越冬。赤麻鴨在保山是冬候鳥，每年11月到青華海越冬，3月北返繁殖。棲息于流水緩慢的淡水湖泊，在靠近溪流和湖泊的洞穴筑巢繁殖。在青華海越冬的赤麻鴨近500只。
赤麻鴨體型很大（66厘米左右），全身棕黃色，在鴨群中格外醒目，是最好認(rèn)的鴨子，很多人親切地叫它小黃鴨。小黃鴨臉和頭部發(fā)白，嘴、腳、尾巴和翅尖黑色。飛行時(shí)白色的翅上和翅下覆羽和銅綠色的翼鏡明顯可見。雄鳥（繁殖羽）頸部有狹窄的黑色頸環(huán)。赤麻鴨雌雄差別不大，但是雌性體型稍小，而且頸部沒有黑色頸環(huán)。雜食性，以草、植物嫩芽、沉水植物、陸生植物的種子以及小型水生動(dòng)物為食。與其他鴨子相比，對(duì)水的依賴性沒有那么強(qiáng)，經(jīng)常在岸邊、樁或石頭上單腳站立，把頭縮在羽毛里休息。
赤麻鴨遷徙和越冬會(huì)集大群，生性好斗，喜歡鳴叫，白天和夜晚都會(huì)叫，而且叫聲響亮，經(jīng)常發(fā)出類似“啊~啊~”的叫聲。有時(shí)雖顯吵鬧，但沒有小黃鴨的鳴叫，還真缺點(diǎn)冬天的感覺呢。
冬天到了，人們都裹緊了身上的羽絨服，不過整天泡在水里的鴨子們似乎并不怕冷啊。duck不必?fù)?dān)心，它們自有防水保暖妙招。鴨子羽毛致密的結(jié)構(gòu)能夠形成巨大的表面張力，可以起到疏水的作用，類似水黽在水面上漂浮。另外，鴨子的屁股上面有個(gè)神奇的器官，叫做尾脂腺，可以分泌豐富的油脂。它們會(huì)用嘴巴咬這個(gè)尾脂腺，把里面的油脂擠出來，梳理羽毛的時(shí)候就會(huì)把油脂涂抹到羽毛上，起到防水保暖的作用。除了鴨子等游禽，大多數(shù)鳥類也有尾脂腺，不過當(dāng)然還是水鳥的尾脂腺比較發(fā)達(dá)。有了防水又保暖的黃色羽絨服加持的赤麻鴨，理所當(dāng)然是寒冷冬日里最靚的仔啦。
The 9th Phase
Ruddy Shelduck（Tadorna ferruginea）
Vertebrates, Aves, Anseriformes, Anatidae. It is contained in the National List of Land Wildlife that is Beneficial or has Important Economic or Scientific Value and protected by Agreement between China and Japan on the Protection of Migratory Birds and their Habitats. Ruddy Shelduck is distributed in Eurasia and north Africa, with a global population of about 170,000-220,000. In China, Ruddy Shelduck breeds in northeast, northwest and even in some areas of Tibetan Plateau where is up to 4600 elevation, and overwinter in North China and its south. Ruddy Shelduck is winter resident in Baoshan, who come to Qinghuahai every November and return to north to breed in March.They like to inhabits slow-flowing lakes and nest and breed in caves near streams and lakes. The population of Ruddy Shelduck overwintering in Qinghuahai National Wetland Park is nearly 500.
Ruddy Shelduck is a large duck (about 66cm) with the whole brown and yellow body, which makes them stand out among the ducks and become the best recognized duck. Many people call them Little Yellow Duck affectionately. Their face and head are white, and their mouth, feet, tail and wing tips are black. Their white feather of over and under wings and copper-green speculum are visible in flight. The male (breeding feather) has a narrow black collar around the neck. There is little difference between male and female, but the female is smaller and has no black neck ring. They are omnivorous and eat grasses, plant buds, submerged plants, seeds of terrestrial plants and small aquatic animals. Unlike other ducks, they are less dependent on water and often rest on the shore, piles or rocks and standing with one foot with head buried in feathers.
Ruddy Shelduck gather in large groups during migration and overwintering. They seem to be aggressive and like to call day and night, and the call is very loud, which sounds like "ah ~ ah ~" call. That sounds noisy sometimes, but without the sounds of little yellow duck, it really doesn’t feel like winter.
Winter is coming, people wrapped with down garment, but the ducks soaking in the water all day seem not afraid of the cold. Don't worry, they have their own way of watertightness and keep warm. The dense structure of duck feathers creates large surface tension, which can play the role of hydrophobic, acting as a water striders. In addition, there is a wonderful organ on the bottom of the duck, called the oil gland, which can secrete rich oil. They will bite this oil gland with their mouths, then squeeze out the oil inside, and they will spread the oil on the feathers when preening, which can keep their feather dry and warm. Besides ducks, most birds also have oil gland, but of course waterbirds have more oil gland. With a waterproof and warm yellow down garment, the Ruddy Shelduck is certainly the most beautiful gay in the cold winter.
攝影師介紹
Introduction of the photographer
蔡慶彪，1989年生，貴州人 。2008年離開貴州到云南保山接觸攝影。保山市攝影協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員，隆陽區(qū)攝影協(xié)會(huì)常務(wù)理事。多幅作品在攝影比賽中獲獎(jiǎng)，在各類攝影展中展示并被入冊(cè)出版。長期在青華海拍鳥，其鳥類作品曾多次獲獎(jiǎng)，《水雉的故事》曾獲青華海鳥類攝影大賽視頻組金獎(jiǎng)，并登上央視，同時(shí)也是東方鸻、玉帶海雕等云南和保山鳥類新記錄的記錄者。
Qingbiao Cai, born in 1989, Guizhou native and left Guizhou for Baoshan In 2008. From then on, he began to learn photography. He is a member of Baoshan Photography Association and the executive director of Longyang District Photography Association. Many of his works have won awards in photography competitions, and be exhibited and published. He has been taking photos of birds in The Qinghuahai for a long time, and his bird works have won many awards. The Story of Pheasant-tailed Jacana won the gold medal in the Video group of the Qinghuahai Bird Photography Contest and was listed on CCTV. Moreover, he is also the recorder of the Oriental Plover and Pallas's Fish Eagle, which are the new records of Yunnan and Baoshan birds.
文字整理：黃木嬌
海報(bào)設(shè)計(jì)：黃木嬌
英文翻譯：何雪、黃木嬌
Text: Mujiao Huang
Poster design: Mujiao Huang
English translation: He Xue, Mujiao Huang
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