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【青華海生物多樣性之美】白眉鴨：在下正是“江、湖”人稱的“白眉大俠”
保山青華海國家濕地公園管理中心 保山市科學(xué)技術(shù)協(xié)會
聯(lián)合推出
第12期
The 12th Phase
脊椎動物.白眉鴨 Spatula querquedula
脊椎動物，鳥綱，雁形目，鴨科。白眉鴨繁殖于歐亞大陸北部，越冬于撒哈拉以南的非洲、印度和東南亞，全球約260-280萬只。在中國很多地方不算很常見，繁殖于新疆和東北地區(qū)，越冬于長江以南包括臺灣及海南的大部分地區(qū)，特別是東南沿海地區(qū)。遷徙時經(jīng)過除西藏、青海外的大部分地區(qū)。白眉鴨最顯著的特征是雄鳥頭上醒目的又寬又長的白色眉紋。“白眉大俠”們似乎特別鐘情于保山的奇山秀水，高黎貢山有白眉長臂猿，而青華海則有白眉鴨。白眉鴨是中國三有保護鳥類、同時受到中國和日本、中國和澳大利亞政府保護候鳥及棲息環(huán)境協(xié)定的保護。圖片攝于云南保山青華海國家濕地公園。
白眉鴨屬于小型鴨子，體長約40厘米。越冬野鴨大多雄鳥羽色比雌鳥艷麗，白眉鴨也不例外。白眉鴨雄鳥頭部巧克力色，具有寬闊顯眼的白色眉紋，一直延伸到脖子后面。胸部、背部和尾部羽色都發(fā)暗，但身體側(cè)面具有顯眼的銀灰色。飛行時能看到藍灰色的翅上覆羽。雌鳥上體黑褐色，腹部白色，下巴和喉部呈灰白色，嘴基有一不明顯的白點，眉紋淺色，不像雄鳥的那么明顯。白眉鴨雌鳥像綠翅鴨雌鳥，在英國常被稱為“Summer Teal（夏日綠翅鴨）”，但其淺色眉紋、深色頭頂和很深色的過眼紋對比更為明顯。白眉鴨雌雄鳥的嘴巴都是黑色的，且具有帶白色邊緣的綠色翼鏡。
白眉鴨繁殖期筑巢于草原、濕潤草甸和蘆葦沼澤，覓食于開闊的淡水湖泊、池塘、河口、蘆葦沼澤和濕潤草灘，也到稻田覓食。遷徙時也常見于沿海潟湖，常集群活動。與其他鴨子相比，更喜歡在植被豐富的淺水區(qū)域活動，通常白天休息，晚上覓食。主要以水生植物的葉、莖、種子為食，春夏季節(jié)也吃軟體動物、甲殼類和昆蟲等水生動物。多在水邊淺水處以輕觸水面過濾的方式覓食，很少像綠頭鴨那樣倒立，也不能潛水。青華海已連續(xù)兩年監(jiān)測到白眉鴨。
The 12th Phase
Spatula querquedula （Garganey）
Vertebrates, Aves, Anseriformes, Anatidae. Garganey breed in northern Eurasia, and overwinter in sub-Saharan Africa, India and Southeast Asia, with a global population of about 2,600,000-2,800,000. Garganey is not very common in many areas of China. They breed in Xinjiang and Northeast China and overwinters in most areas south of the Yangtze River, including Taiwan and Hainan, especially the southeast coastal areas. They pass through most areas except Tibet and Qinghai on their migration. The most distinctive feature is the male’s broad and long white eyebrow stripe. The "white-eyebrow warrior" seems to be particularly fond of Baoshan's beautiful mountains and waters, such as Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon in Galigong Mountain and Garganey in Qinghuahai. The Garganey is contained in the National List of Land Wildlife that is Beneficial or has Important Economic or Scientific Value. It is also protected by Agreement between China and Japan on the Protection of Migratory Birds and their Habitats and Agreement between China and Australia on the Protection of Migratory Birds and their Habitats. Photo taken at Qinghuahai National Wetland Park in Baoshan, Yunnan Province.
Garganey is a small duck with a length of about 40 centimeters. Most feather of the overwintering male ducks are more colorful than the females, so does the Garganey. The male has a chocolate-colored head with a broad conspicuous white eyebrow stripe that extends to the back of the neck. Their chest, back and tail are dark, but the sides of the body appear conspicuous silvery grey. When they flight, you can see the blue-gray overlying feathers of the wings. The upper body of female birds is black brown and the belly is white. Their chin and throat are grayish white, and there is an inconspicuous white spot on the corner of the beak. Their eyebrow stripe are light, not as conspicuous as the males. Females are similar to the females of the Green-winged Teal, so they are often called "Summer Teal" in the UK. But there is an obvious contrast during their light eyebrow stripe，dark crown head and very dark eye lines. Both males and females have a black beak and green speculum with white edges.
Garganey nest in grassland, wet meadow and reed marsh during breeding period, and they forage in open fresh water lakes, ponds, estuaries, reed marsh, wet grass beach and even rice fields. During migration, they often seen in coastal lagoon areas and often in flocks. Compared with other ducks, they prefer shallow water areas with abundant vegetation, and they usually rest during the day and forage at night. They mainly eat the leaves, stems and seeds of aquatic plants, and also mollusks, crustaceans, insects and other aquatic animals in spring and summer. The way they forage is to filter food by touching the surface of the water in shallow water. They rarely stand upside down like Mallard and never dive. Garganey have been continuously monitor in Qinghuahai National Wetland Park for two years.
攝影師介紹
Introduction of the photographer
汪金芳，自由攝影人，喜歡拍攝自然生態(tài)作品，愛好觀鳥，關(guān)注候鳥遷徙及棲息地保護，拍攝了很多珍貴的鳥類照片資料。他的作品《青頭潛鴨》曾獲得青華海鳥類攝影大賽照片組金獎。
Jinfang Wang is a freelance photographer. He likes to photograph natural ecological works and bird-watching. He pays close attention to migratory birds and habitat protection and has taken many precious bird photos. His work “The Aythya baeri” has won the gold medal in the photo group of the Qinghuahai Bird Photography Contest.
文字整理：黃木嬌
海報設(shè)計：黃木嬌
英文翻譯：何雪、黃木嬌
Text: Mujiao Huang
Poster design: Mujiao Huang
English translation: He Xue, Mujiao Huang
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